Resources

BASIC SCIENCE

Dioxetanes
H. Akhavan-Tafti, Z. Arghavani, R. A. Eickholt, R. S. Handley, M. P. Perkins, K. S. Rashid, A.P. Schaap, Chemiluminescent Haloalkoxy-substituted Dioxetanes: Properties and Applications, in Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence Molecular Reporting with Photons, J. W. Hastings, L. Kricka and P. Stanley, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 497-500 (1997).

H. Akhavan-Tafti, R. A. Eickholt, Z. Arghavani, A.P. Schaap, A Novel Substitution Process for the Preparation of Alkoxy-, Aryloxy-, and Acyloxy-Substituted 1,2 Dioxetanes. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 119, 245-6 (1997).

A. P. Schaap, R. de Silva, H. Akhavan-Tafti, R. S. Handley, Chemical and Enzymatic Triggering of 1,2-Dioxetanes: Structural Effects on Chemiluminescence Efficiency, in Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence Current Status, P. E. Stanley and L. J. Kricka, Ed., John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 103-106 (1991).

S. Beck, H. Koster, Applications of Dioxetane Chemiluminescent Probes to Molecular Biology. Anal. Chem., 62, 2258-2270 (1990).

A. P. Schaap, H. Akhavan, L. J. Romano, Chemiluminescent Substrates for Alkaline Phosphatase: Application to Ultrasensitive Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays and DNA Probes. Clin. Chem., 35(9), 1863-1864 (1989)

A. P. Schaap, Chemical and Enzymatic Triggering of 1,2-Dioxetanes, Photochem. Photobiol., 47S, 50S (1988).

A. P. Schaap, M. D. Sandison, R. S. Handley, Chemical and Enzymatic Triggering of 1,2-Dioxetanes. 3: Alkaline Phosphatase-Catalyzed Chemiluminescence from an Aryl Phosphate-Substituted Dioxetane. Tetrahedron Lett., 1159-1163 (1987).

A. P. Schaap, T. S. Chen, R. de Silva, B. P. Giri, R. S. Handley, Chemical and Enzymatic Triggering of 1,2-Dioxetanes. 2: Fluoride-Induced Chemiluminescence from Tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy-Substituted 1,2-Dioxetanes. Tetrahedron Lett., 1155-1158 (1987).

A. P. Schaap, R. S. Handley, B. P. Giri, Chemical and Enzymatic Triggering of 1,2-Dioxetanes. 1: Aryl Esterase-Catalyzed Chemiluminescence from a Naphthyl Acetate-Substituted 1,2-Dioxetane. Tetrahedron Lett., 935-938 (1987).

Other
B. J. Cheek, A. B. Steel, M. P. Torres, Y.-Y. Yu, H. Yang, Chemiluminescence Detection for Hybridization Assays on the Flow-Thru chip, a Three-dimensional Microchannel Biochip. Anal. Chem., 73(24), 5777-5783 (2001).

R.S. Handley, H. Akhavan-Tafti, A.P. Schaap, Chemiluminescent Detection in High Volume Ligand-Binder Assays. J. Clinical Ligand Assay, 20(4), 302-312 (1998).

H. Akhavan-Tafti, R. de Silva, Z. Arghavani, R. A. Eickholt, R. S. Handley, B. A. Schoenfelner, K. Sugioka, Y. Sugioka, A.P. Schaap, Characterization of Acridancarboxylic Acid Derivatives as Chemiluminescent Peroxidase Substrates. J. Org. Chem., 63(4), 930-937 (1998).

O. Vesterberg, A New Luminometer for Sensitive Quantification by Chemiluminescence of Specific Proteins in Microtitre Plates and on Blot Membranes. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 30, 301-314, (1995).

Electrochemluminescence
R. Wilson, H. Akhavan-Tafti, B. G. Pollet, R. de Silva, A. P. Schaap, D. J. Schiffrin, Analytical Applications of Electrochemiluminescence. Proc. SPIE – Intl. Soc. Opt. Eng., 4414, 168-177 (2001).

R. Wilson, H. Akhavan-Tafti, R. de Silva, A. P. Schaap, Comparison Between Acridan Ester, Luminol, and Ruthenium Chelate Electrochemiluminescence. Electroanalysis, 13(13), 1083-1092 (2001).

R. Wilson, H. Akhavan-Tafti, R. de Silva, A. P. Schaap, Electrochemiluminescence Determination of 2′, 6′-Difluorophenyl 10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine-9-carboxylate. Anal. Chem., 73(4), 763-767 (2001).

R. Wilson, H. Akhavan-Tafti, R. de Silva, A. P. Schaap, Electrochemiluminescence of 2′, 6′-Difluorophenyl 10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine-9-carboxylate. Chem. Commun., 20, 2067-2068 (2000).

DETECTION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS

Forensic Analysis
B. Budowle, et al, Simple Protocols for Typing Forensic Biological Evidence: Chemiluminescent Detection for Human DNA Quantitation and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Analyses and Manual Typing of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Amplified Polymorphisms. Electrophoresis, 16, 1559-1567 (1995).

L. Klevan, et al, Chemiluminescent Detection of DNA Probes in Forensic Analysis. Electrophoresis, 16, 1553-1558 (1995).

A. Giusti, B. Budowle, A Chemiluminescence-based Detection System for Human DNA Quantitation and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Analysis, Appl . Theor. Electrophor., 5, 89-98 (1995).

M. Salter, et al, A Low Profile, Chemistry in Britain, 419-421 (May 1993).

Chemiluminescent Detection in PCR
F. Fini, G. Gallinella, S. Girotti, M. Zerbini, M. Musiani. Development of a Chemiluminescence Competitive PCR for the Detection and Quantitation of Parvovirus B19 DNA Using a Microplate Luminometer. Clin. Chem., 45(9), 1391-1396 (1999).

DNA Sequencing
A. Douglas, et al, Direct Sequencing of Double-Stranded PCR Products Incorporating a Chemiluminescent Detection Procedure. BioTechniques, 14(5), 824-828 (1993).

B. Debuire, et al, Fast, Manual, Nonradioactive Method for DNA Sequencing. Clin. Chem., 39(8), 1682-1685 (1993).

K. Suzuki, et al, Chemiluminescent Microtiter Method for Detecting PCR Amplified HIV-1 DNA. J. Virol. Methods, 38, 113-122 (1992).

A. Creasey, et al, Application of a Novel Chemiluminescence-Based DNA Detection Method to Single-Vector and Multiplex DNA Sequencing. BioTechniques, 11(1), 102-109 (1991).

S. Beck, et al, Chemiluminescent Detection of DNA: Application for DNA Sequencing and Hybridization. Nuc. Acids Res., 17(13), 5115-5123 (1989).

Southern Blotting
Hodges, K. A.; Kosciol, C. M.; Rezuke, W. N.; Abernathy, E. C.; Pastuszak, W. T.; Tsongalis, G. J., Chemiluminescent detection of gene rearrangements in hematologic malignancy. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., 26, 114-8 (1996).

Xing Su, et al, Optimized Chemiluminescent Detection of DNA Amplified in the Exponential Phase of PCR, Biotechniques, 17(4), 734-736 (1994).

M. Badenes, D. Parfitt, Reducing Background Interference on Southern Blots Probed with Nonradioactive Chemiluminescent Probes, Biotechniques, 17(4), 622-624 (1994).

F. Sarkar, et al, Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Human Prostatic Tissues by Polymerase Chain Reaction. The Prostate, 22, 171-180 (1993).

J. S. Sheffield, et al, Detection of DNA in Southern Blots by Chemiluminescence is a Sensitive and Rapid Technique, BioTechniques, 12(6), 836-838 (1992).

D. Pollard-Knight, A. C. Simmonds, A. P. Schaap, H. Akhavan, M. A. W. Brady, Nonradioactive DNA Detection on Southern Blots by Enzymatically Triggered Chemiluminescence. Anal. Biochem., 185, 353-358 (1990).

Hybridization Assays
L. V. Reddy, R. de Silva, R.S. Handley, A.P. Schaap, H. Akhavan-Tafti, Sequential Chemiluminescent Detection of Target DNAs without Stripping and Reprobing. BioTechniques, 26(4), 710, 712-4 (1999).

H. Akhavan-Tafti, L. V. Reddy, S. Siripurapu, B. A. Schoenfelner, R.S. Handley, A.P. Schaap, Chemiluminescent Detection of DNA in Low- and Medium-Density Arrays. Clin. Chem., 44(9), 2065-2066 (1998).

L. V. Reddy, H. Akhavan-Tafti, R. de Silva, R. Handley, D. H. Farkas, A.P. Schaap, Novel Chemiluminescent Substrate and Probe Systems for the Identification of CFêF508 Genotypes. Molecular Diagnosis, 2(2), 113-9 (1997).

C. Soumet, et al, Chemiluminescent and Colorimetric Enzymatic Assays for the Detection of PCR-Amplified Salmonella sp. Products in Microplates. BioTechniques 19, 792-796 (1995).

S. Girotti, et al, Application of a low-light imaging device and chemiluminescent substrates for quantitative detection of viral DNA in hybridization reactions. Clin. Chem. 41, 1693-7 (1995).

J. Ishii, S. Ghosh, Bead-Based Sandwich Hybridization Characteristics of Oligonucleotide-Alkaline Phosphatase Conjugates and Their Potential for Quantitating Target RNA Sequences. Bioconj. Chem., 4, 34-41 (1993).

S. Girotti, et al, Direct Quantitative Chemiluminescent Assays for the Detection of Viral DNA. Anal. Chim. Acta, 255(2), 387-394 (1991).

M. S. Urdea, et al, Application of a Rapid Non-Radioisotopic Nucleic Acid Analysis System to the Detection of Sexually Transmitted Disease-Causing Organisms and Their Associated Antimicrobial Resistances. Clin. Chem., 35(8), 1571-1575 (1989).

J. Clyne, J. Running, H. Akhavan-Tafti, A. P. Schaap, M. Urdea, A Rapid Chemiluminescent DNA Hybridization Assay for Detection of Chlamydia Trachomatis. J. Biolumin. Chemilumin., 2, 357-366 (1989).

Detection of Single and Multiple Copy Genes
K. Tenner, M. Karst, S. Thibodeau, D. O’Kane, Development of a chemiluminescence assay for the detection of T-cell receptor gene rearrangements. Biolum. and Chemilum. Molecular Reporting with Photons, J.W. Hastings, L.J. Kricka, P.E. Stanley, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, 513-516 (1997).

K. E. Selph, et al, Quantification of Chemiluminescent DNA Probes Using Liquid Scintillation Counting. Anal. Biochem., 210, 394-401 (1993).

E. Winn-Deen, et al, Non-Radioactive Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis LCR Products in a Microtitre Plate Format. Molec. and Cell. Probes, 7, 179-186 (1993).

J. Trnovsky, Semi-Dry Electroblotting of DNA and RNA from Agarose and Polyacrylamide Gels. BioTechniques, 13(5), 800-804 (1992).

R. F. Cook, et al, A Nonradioactive Micro-Assay for Released Reverse Transcriptase Activity of a Lentivirus. BioTechniques, 13(3), 380-386 (1992).

T. H. Tan, A Nonradioactive Screening Method for Cloning Genes Encoding Sequence-Specific DNA Binding Proteins. Anal. Biochem., 192, 17-22 (1991).

V. Zachar, et al, Enhanced Chemiluminescence-Based Hybridization Analysis for PCR-Mediated HIV-1 DNA Detection Offers an Alternative to 32P-Labelled Probes. J. Virol. Methods, 33, 391-395 (1991).

R. Martin, et al, A Highly Sensitive, Nonradioactive DNA Labeling and Detection System. BioTechniques, 9(6), 762-768 (1990).

DETECTION OF RNA

K. Whitby, J. A. Garson, Optimisation and evaluation of a quantitative chemiluminescent polymerase chain reaction assay for hepatitis C virus RNA. J Virol Methods 1995 Jan;51(1):75-88 (1995).

T. Yang, S. Kain, Rapid Detection of Immobilized Nucleic Acids With a Hybridization Solution. Am. Biotech. Lab., 35-36, December 1994.

C. Bush, Detection of mRNA in Low Nanogram Quantities of Total RNA Using the S & S Rad-Free Probe Labelling and Detection System. Journal of NIH Research, 5, 86 (1994).

M. Turnbow, C. Garner, Ribonuclease Protection Assay: Use of Biotinylated Probes for the Detection of Two Messenger RNAs. BioTechniques, 15(2), 267-270 (1993).

PROTEIN DETECTION

P.S. Chang, A. Absood, J.L. Linderman, G.M. Omann, Magnetic Bead Isolation of Neutrophil Plasma Membranes and Quantification fo Membrane-associated Guanine Nucleotide Binding Proteins. Anal. Biochem., 325, 175-184 (2004).
(uses ECL+ containing Lumigen PS-3)

F. Acevedo, et al, Visualization and Quantification of Birch-Pollen Allergens Directly on Air-Sampling Filters. Allergy, 53, 549-601 (1998).

P.C. Brooks, S. Silletti, T.L. von Schalscha, M. Friedlander, D.A. Cheresh, Disruption of Angiogenesis by PEX, a Noncatalytic Metalloproteinase Fragment with Integrin Binding Activity. Cell, 92, 391-400 (1998).

R.H. Liu et al, Chemiluminescent Detection of Protein Molecular Weight Markers in Western Blot Techniques. BioTechniques, 22(4), 594-595 (1997).

B. Felding-Habermann, S. Silletti, F. Mei, C.-H. Siu, P. M. Yip, P. C. Brooks, et al., A Single Immunoglobulin-like Domain of the Human Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 Supports Adhesion by Multiple Vascular and Platelet Integrins. J. Cell. Biol. 139(6), 1567-1581 (1997).

A. Ekebom, et al, Detection and Quantification of Airborne Birch Pollen Allergens on PVDF Membranes by Immunoblotting and Chemiluminescence. Grana, 35, 113-118 (1996).

N. Nishi et al, Western Blot Analysis of Epidermal Growth Factor Using Gelatin-Coated Polyvinylidene Difluoride Membranes. Anal. Biochem., 227, 401-402 (1995).

O. Vesterberg, et al, Sensitive Quantification of Proteins by Electrophoresis in Gels by Use of Chemiluminescence. Electrophoresis, 16, 1390-1393 (1995).

O. Vesterberg, A New Luminometer for Sensitive Quantification by Chemiluminescence of Specific Proteins in Microtitre Plates and on Blot Membranes, J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 30, 301-314 (1995).

L. Weigel, et al, Digoxigenin-Ampicillion Conjugate for Detection of Penicillin-Binding Proteins by Chemiluminescence. Antimocrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 330-336 (Feb. 1994).

J. Brunet, F. Berger, G. Amalfitano, A.L. Benabid, Chemolabelling of Frozen Cerebral Tissue Proteins and Immunopurified Products with Biotin and Digoxigenin: Physicochemical Characteristics of Biotinylated and Digoxigeninated Products. Anal. Biochem. 222, 76-80 (1994).

J. LaRoche, Advancing the State-of-the-Art in Nonisotopic Detection of Western Blots. Amer. Biotech. Lab., (March 1993).

G. S. Sandhu, et al, Chemiluminescent Substrates Increase Sensitivity of Antigen Detection in Western Blots. BioTechniques, 11(1), 14-16 (1991).

ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS AND ENZYME ASSAYS

A.G. Gehring, P.L. Irwin, S.A. Reed, S. Tua, P.E. Andreotti, H. Akhavan-Tafti, R.S. Handley, Enzyme-linked immunomagnetic chemiluminescent detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. J. Immunol. Meth., 293(1-2), 97-106 (2004).

T. Matsunaga, et al, Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay Using Bacterial Magnetic Particles. Anal. Chem., 68, 3551-3554 (1996).

L. Baez, et al, Chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for detection of PCR-amplified enterotoxinA from Clostridium perfringens. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 32(1,2), 145-158 (1996).

H. Matsushita, et al, Establishment and evaluation of a new chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen adapted to the fully automated ACCESS system. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem., 34, 829-835 (1996).

P. Raymond, G. Drapeau, R. Raut, R. Audet, F. Marceau, H. Ong, A. Adam, Quantification of des-Arg9-Bradykinin Using a Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay: Application to its Kinetic Profile During Plasma Activation. J. Immunol. Methods, 180, 247-257, (1995).

J. K. Kim, et al, A chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay (CLEIA) for the Determination of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate in Human Serum. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 13, 885-91 (1995).

H. Akhavan-Tafti, et al, CCD Camera Imaging for the Chemiluminescent Detection of Enzymes Using New Ultrasensitive Reagents, J. Biolum. and Chemilum. 9, 155 (1994).

F. Legris, et al, An Ultrasensitive Chemiluminoenzyme Immunoassay for the Quantification of Human Tissue Kininogens: Application to Synovial Membrane and Cartilage. J. Immun. Meth, 168, 111 (1994).

A. Décarie, et al, Development of Digoxigenin-Labeled Peptide: Application to Chemiluminoenzyme Immunoassay of Bradykinin in Inflamed Tissues. Peptides, 15 (3), 511 (1994).

E. G. Beale, E. A. Deeb, R. Handley, H. Akhavan-Tafti, A. P. Schaap, A Rapid and Simple Chemiluminescent Assay for Bacterial ß-Galactosidase. BioTechniques, 12(3), 320 (1992).

R. F. Cook, et al, A Nonradioactive Micro-Assay for Released Reverse Transcriptase Activity of a Lentivirus. BioTechniques, 13(3), 380 (1992).

M. Honda, et al, Quantitative Analysis of Serum IL-6 and its Correlation with Increased Levels of Serum IL-2R in HIV-Induced Diseases. J. Immun., 145(12), 4059 (1990).

Detection of Peroxidase
H. Akhavan-Tafti, W. Xie, R. deSilva, W. Cripps, R. Eickholt, R. Handley, R. Linsky, M. Mazelis, and A.P. Schaap, Robust Chemiluminescent Peroxidase Substrates. In Vitro Diagnostics Technology, May, 2004.

P.C. Brooks, S. Silletti, T.L. von Schalscha, M. Friedlander, D.A. Cheresh, Disruption of Angiogenesis by PEX, a Noncatalytic Metalloproteinase Fragment with Integrin Binding Activity. Cell, 92, 391-400 (1998).

K. Tenner, M. Karst, S. Thibodeau, D. O’Kane, Development of a chemiluminescence assay for the detection of T-cell receptor gene rearrangements. Biolum. and Chemilum. Molecular Reporting with Photons, J.W. Hastings, L.J. Kricka, P.E. Stanley, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, 513-516 (1997).

B.J. Hallaway, M.E. Copeman, B.S. Stevens, T.S. Larson, D.M. Wilson, D. O’Kane, Chemiluminescent Screening Assay for Leukocytes in Urine. Biolum. and Chemilum. Molecular Reporting with Photons, J.W. Hastings, L.J. Kricka, P.E. Stanley, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, 517-520 (1997).

B. Felding-Habermann, S. Silletti, F. Mei, C.-H. Siu, P. M. Yip, P. C. Brooks, et al., A Single Immunoglobulin-like Domain of the Human Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 Supports Adhesion by Multiple Vascular and Platelet Integrins. J. Cell. Biol. 139(6), 1567-1581 (1997).

S. Girotti, M. Musiani, E. Ferri, G. Gallinella, M. Zerbini, A. Roda, et al., Chemiluminescent immunoperoxidase assay for the dot blot hybridization detection of parvovirus B19 DNA using a low light imaging device. Anal. Biochem., 236(2), 290-5 (1996).

H. Akhavan-Tafti, K. Sugioka, Z. Arghavani, R. de Silva, R. S. Handley, Y. Sugioka, R. A. Eicholt, M. P. Perkins, and A. P. Schaap, Lumigen ™ PS: Chemiluminescent Detection of Horseradish Peroxidase by Enzymatic Generation of Acridinium Esters, Clin. Chem. 41, 9, 1368-1369 (1995).

H. Akhavan-Tafti et al, Lumigen™ PS: New Chemiluminescent Substrates for the Detection of Horseradish Peroxidase, Biolum. and Chemilum. Fundamentals and Applied Aspects, A. Campbell, L. Kricka, P. Stanley, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, 199-202 (1994).

H. Akhavan-Tafti et al, Applications of Lumigen™ PS-1 Chemiluminescent Substrate to Immunoassays, Biolum. and Chemilum. Fundamentals and Applied Aspects, A. Campbell, L. Kricka, P. Stanley, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, 309-312 (1994).

H. Akhavan-Tafti et al, Blotting Applications of Lumigen™ PS-3 Chemiluminescent Substrate for Horseradish Peroxidase, Biolum. and Chemilum. Fundamentals and Applied Aspects,

A. Campbell, L. Kricka, P. Stanley, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, 313-316 (1994).

H. Akhavan-Tafti et al, CCD Camera Imaging for the Chemiluminescent Detection of Enzymes Using New Ultrasensitive Reagents, J. Biolum. and Chemilum. 9, 155-164 (1994).

F. Garetto et al, A New Chemiluminescent Assay for the Qualitative Determination of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), Biolum. and Chemilum. Fundamentals and Applied Aspects, A. Campbell, L. Kricka, P. Stanley, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, 317-320 (1994).

B. Schoenfelner, J. Lutz, K. Sugioka, H. Akhavan-Tafti and A. P. Schaap, The Lumigen CCD Camera System: An Economical Cooled CCD Camera System for Chemiluminescent Applications, Biolum. and Chemilum. Fundamentals and Applied Aspects, A. Campbell, L. Kricka, P. Stanley, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, 633-636 (1994).

Detection of Phosphatase
H. Akhavan-Tafti, Z. Arghavani, R. de Silva, R. A. Eickholt, R. S. Handley, B. A. Schoenfelner, S. Siripurapu, K. Sugioka, A.P. Schaap, Lumigen™ APS: New Substrates for the Chemiluminescent Detection of Phosphatase Enzymes, Biolum. and Chemilum. Molecular Reporting with Photons, J. W. Hastings, L. Kricka and P. Stanley, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, 311-314 (1997).

Detection of Oxidase Enzymes
H. Akhavan-Tafti, R. de Silva, Z. Arghavani, R. A. Eickholt, R. S. Handley, B. A. Schoenfelner, A.P. Schaap, Chemiluminescent Detection of Oxidase Enzymes by Peroxidase-Mediated Oxidation of Acridan Compounds, Biolum. and Chemilum. Molecular Reporting with Photons, J. W. Hastings, L. Kricka and P. Stanley, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, 501-504 (1997).